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Bipolar surfactants are surfactants that contain both anionic and cationic hydrophilic groups in the same molecule. The biggest feature is that it can both give and receive protons. During use, it has the following characteristics: excellent softness, smoothness, and anti-static properties for fabrics; Has certain bactericidal and antifungal properties; Has good emulsification and dispersibility.
It is a mild surfactant. Bipolar surfactant molecules differ from single anionic and cationic molecules in that they contain both acidic and basic groups at one end of the molecule. Acidic groups are mostly carboxyl, sulfonic, or phosphate groups, while basic groups are amino or quaternary ammonium groups. They can be mixed with anionic and nonionic surfactants and are resistant to acids, bases, salts, and alkaline earth metal salts.
The lecithin in egg yolk is a natural amphoteric surfactant. The commonly used synthetic amphoteric surfactants nowadays have mostly carboxylic acid groups in their anionic portion, with a few sulfonic acid groups. Most of its cationic parts are amine salts or quaternary amine salts. The cationic part composed of amine salts is called amino acid type; The cationic part composed of quaternary ammonium salts is called betaine type.
Bipolar surfactants typically have good washing, dispersing, emulsifying, sterilizing, softening fibers, and anti-static properties, and can be used as fabric finishing aids, dyeing aids, calcium soap dispersants, dry cleaning surfactants, and metal corrosion inhibitors.
The application areas are personal care products and household washing products, such as hand washing dishwashing detergents, hard surface cleaning agents, etc; The earliest application of personal care products in medicinal shampoos containing quaternary ammonium salts (Mannheimer H.S. 1958) greatly reduced the irritation caused by the presence of quaternary ammonium salts;
Applied in hair rinse formulas, the combination of amphoteric SAa and anionic SAa can alter the structure of deposits on hair, resulting in soft and non greasy hair; In the field of cosmetics, due to the low irritation of amphoteric surfactants, they are also widely used, such as the application of amphoteric imidazoline in makeup removers; Fluorobetaine is also used in foam fire extinguishers.